Catalog

Tirzepatide is a 39-amino-acid synthetic peptide that activates two gut-hormone receptors at once: GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) and GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1). A fatty-acid side chain lets it bind albumin in the blood, which gives it a half-life of about five days and allows once-weekly dosing in studies. Acting on both receptors increases glucose-dependent insulin release, lowers glucagon, slows stomach emptying and reduces appetite signaling in the brain. It is the most heavily studied compound in this catalog for body weight and blood sugar research, backed by the large SURPASS (type 2 diabetes) and SURMOUNT (obesity) trial programs. Researchers use it to study incretin biology, energy balance, insulin sensitivity and fat distribution.

Retatrutide (LY3437943) is an investigational triple agonist that activates the GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors in one molecule. The GIP and GLP-1 activity reduces appetite and improves insulin release, while the added glucagon activity is thought to raise energy expenditure and increase fat burning in the liver. It is designed for once-weekly dosing in studies. A 48-week phase 2 trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2023 reported the largest average weight reductions seen for any single agent to date, and phase 3 TRIUMPH trials are still underway. Because it is still in clinical development, long-term safety data does not exist yet. It is studied for obesity, fatty liver disease and metabolic research.

MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA rather than the cell's main DNA, which makes it one of a small group of 'mitochondrial-derived peptides.' It was first described in 2015. Under metabolic stress it moves into the cell nucleus and adjusts genes involved in glucose and fat use, partly through the AMPK energy-sensing pathway. In mice it prevented diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance and improved physical performance in older animals. Natural MOTS-c levels in humans fall with age and rise with exercise, but controlled human trials of the injected peptide have not been published. It is studied for metabolism, insulin sensitivity, exercise biology and aging.

Tesamorelin is a 44-amino-acid synthetic version of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) with a small chemical addition that protects it from rapid breakdown. It signals the pituitary gland to release the body's own growth hormone in natural pulses, which in turn raises IGF-1. Its best-documented effect is reducing visceral fat, the deep fat around the abdominal organs. Two 26-week phase 3 trials in adults with HIV-associated abdominal fat formed the basis of its approval for that use. More recent studies have looked at fatty liver disease and thinking in older adults. It is one of the few growth hormone-releasing peptides with solid human trial data.

BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) is a 15-amino-acid synthetic peptide based on a sequence found in a protein in human stomach juice. It is unusually stable in stomach acid. In rodent studies it has been linked to faster healing of tendons, ligaments, muscle, bone, the gut lining and skin wounds. Proposed mechanisms include forming new blood vessels (through VEGF signaling), affecting nitric oxide, and increasing growth hormone receptors on tendon cells. Most published work comes from one research group in Croatia, and no controlled human trials have been published. It is one of the most widely studied peptides in tissue-repair research.

TB-500 is a synthetic version of thymosin beta-4, a 43-amino-acid protein found in nearly every human cell and especially high in platelets and wound fluid. Its main job is to bind actin, the protein that forms the cell's internal frame, which helps cells move to injured areas. In animal studies it has been linked to faster wound healing, new blood vessel growth, less inflammation and repair of heart and eye tissue. Small human trials of thymosin beta-4 have looked at eye-surface injuries and skin ulcers. Controlled trials of TB-500 itself have not been published. It is studied in tissue repair, heart and inflammation models.

VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) is a natural 28-amino-acid neuropeptide found throughout the gut, brain, lungs and immune system. It relaxes smooth muscle in blood vessels and airways, controls fluid release in the gut, and has strong anti-inflammatory and immune-balancing effects. It also helps set the body's daily clock in the brain. Human research has looked at inhaled VIP for lung conditions such as pulmonary hypertension and sarcoidosis, and an intravenous form (aviptadil) was tested in severe COVID-19 with mixed results. Natural VIP breaks down in about a minute. It is studied in inflammation, lung, gut and immune research.

Selank is a seven-amino-acid synthetic peptide based on tuftsin, a natural immune peptide, with three extra amino acids that make it more stable. It was developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics in Russia, where it is approved as a nasal spray for anxiety. Studies, mostly Russian, suggest it affects the GABA system (the brain's main calming system), serotonin, and the immune signaling molecule IL-6. Small trials reported calming effects without the sleepiness or dependence seen with benzodiazepines. Western controlled trials are very limited. It is studied in anxiety, stress, memory and immune research.

GHK-Cu is a three-amino-acid peptide (glycine-histidine-lysine) bound to a copper ion. It occurs naturally in human blood, saliva and urine, and its levels drop sharply with age. It carries copper into cells, which many enzymes need for building tissue. In lab and animal studies it increased collagen and elastin production, supported wound healing and new blood vessel growth, and calmed inflammation. Gene studies suggest it affects the activity of thousands of human genes. Small studies of skin creams reported improvements in skin firmness and fine lines. It is studied in skin, wound and tissue-remodeling research.

Adipotide, also called FTPP (fat-targeted proapoptotic peptide), is a synthetic peptidomimetic built from two linked parts. The first part, the sequence CKGGRAKDC, homes in on prohibitin, a protein found on the surface of the blood vessel cells that supply white fat tissue. The second part, the pro-apoptotic sequence D-(KLAKLAK)2, gets inside those cells and disrupts their mitochondrial membranes, which triggers programmed cell death (apoptosis). With its blood supply cut off, the fat tissue shrinks and is reabsorbed. Researchers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center first described the approach in obese mice in 2004 (Kolonin et al., Nature Medicine), reporting about 30% weight loss along with better insulin sensitivity. A 2011 study in obese rhesus monkeys (Barnhart et al., Science Translational Medicine) found that 28 days of daily dosing cut body weight by about 11% and waist size noticeably, and improved insulin resistance. The same study reported dose-dependent, mostly reversible kidney damage (proximal tubule injury) and dehydration, since prohibitin is also present in the kidney. Those kidney findings were the main reason development stopped after an early human trial in prostate cancer. Today it is studied in laboratories as a tool for exploring fat-tissue blood vessels, vascular targeting, and the biology of obesity.

Melanotan II is a seven-amino-acid ring-shaped synthetic version of alpha-MSH, the hormone that triggers skin tanning. It was developed at the University of Arizona in the 1980s. It activates several melanocortin receptors, including MC1R, which drives melanin production in skin, and MC4R, which affects appetite and sexual arousal. Small early human studies reported skin darkening, lower appetite and erections. Reported effects include nausea, flushing and new or darker moles, and it is not approved anywhere. It is studied in pigmentation and melanocortin research.

Adamax is a newer synthetic peptide related to Semax, the ACTH-derived nootropic developed in Russia. It is described as a modified version of Semax with an adamantane group added, which is meant to make it more stable and help it reach the brain. Like Semax, it is studied for its possible effects on BDNF, a protein that supports nerve growth, and on memory and attention. Published research is very limited and mostly early-stage, with no controlled human trials. It is offered for nootropic and nerve-protection research.

Lemon Bottle is not a peptide. It is a cosmetic solution sold as a 'fat dissolving' product, with ingredients listed as riboflavin (vitamin B2), bromelain (a pineapple enzyme) and lecithin. Unlike deoxycholic acid, an approved fat-reducing injection, it has not been through controlled clinical trials, and the claimed effects on fat cells have not been independently confirmed. UK and other health authorities have warned about its unlicensed use as an injection. It is offered for formulation and cosmetic research only.